At a glance

Analgesia / pain relief
Research / drug-design tool value
Respiratory depression (life-threatening)
Addiction / dependence
Overdose from potency / dosing error
BenefitSide effectHealth risk· more & brighter bars = stronger

Effects

  • Profound analgesia: Extremely potent pain relief via mu-opioid receptors; reported as the most potent peptide analgesic known in early animal work, far exceeding morphine.[6][2]
  • Euphoria / sedation: Classic mu-opioid effects including euphoria, sedation and impaired consciousness.[5][3]
  • Respiratory depression: Dose-dependent suppression of breathing through the same mechanism as morphine — but at much lower doses.[3][5]
  • Masking of fatigue/injury: In horse-racing abuse it suppressed pain and the feeling of exhaustion, letting animals run through injury.[7]
Classification

Mu-opioid receptor agonist (frog-derived heptapeptide)

Potency

~30–40x morphine

Route

Injectable (parenteral); not orally established

Regulatory status

Banned Class 1 doping agent in racing; research-use-only

Dependence risk

High (full mu agonist)