At a glance

Fat-mass reduction (animal models)
Insulin sensitivity / glucose control (animal models)
Non-hormonal mechanism
Kidney / renal toxicity
Unknown human safety (no human data)
Unregulated / illicit product quality
BenefitSide effectHealth risk· more & brighter bars = stronger

Effects

  • Rapid fat-mass reduction (preclinical): Obese rhesus monkeys lost ~10.6–11% of body weight and ~39% of fat deposits over 28 days of daily dosing, confirmed by MRI/DEXA; obese mice lost ~30%. No human efficacy has ever been demonstrated.[6][3][2]
  • Improved insulin sensitivity (preclinical): Treated obese monkeys and mice showed improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, sometimes within days, in animal models only.[2][6]
  • Non-hormonal mechanism: Acts on adipose vasculature rather than growth hormone, thyroid, appetite or metabolic hormones, so it does not cause classic hormonal side effects.[4]
Classification

Experimental peptidomimetic (vascular-targeting proapoptotic peptide)

Route

Subcutaneous injection (route used in primate studies)

Approval status

Not FDA-approved; no legal human-use pathway

Development

Discontinued 2019 after Phase 1 (nephrotoxicity)

Key toxicity

Dose-dependent kidney (renal tubule) injury