At a glance

Oedema / fluid reduction
Blood pressure lowering
Electrolyte depletion / hypokalemia
Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
Cardiovascular / hypotension risk
BenefitSide effectHealth risk· more & brighter bars = stronger

Effects

  • Oedema / fluid reduction: Rapidly clears excess fluid from tissues; used in heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease [2].
  • Blood pressure lowering: Reduces circulating blood volume, thereby lowering blood pressure [5].
  • Rapid diuresis onset: Onset of diuresis is within 30–60 minutes orally and within ~5 minutes intravenously [6].
  • Electrolyte excretion: Also increases excretion of potassium, magnesium, and calcium — requiring careful monitoring and sometimes supplementation [4].
Classification

Loop diuretic (sulfonamide-derived)

Active half-life

0.5–2 hours (oral/IV)

Route

Oral, IV, IM, subcutaneous

Onset of action

30–60 min (oral); ~5 min (IV)

Protein binding

91–99% (albumin)